ΔV = Vf - Vi = - ®E. ®Δe
In one dimensions
E = - (dv/dr) ……… (1)
V = - ∫ E dr ……… (2)
[If electric potential is known, electric field can be determined from eq. (1) and if E is known, V can
be determined from (2)]
In general ®E = - ÑV
Electric field at any point is equal to negative of potential gradient at that point.
The electric field always points from higher potential to lower potential (see fig.)
A positive charge always moves from higher potential to lower potential
.
A negative charge always moves from lower potential to higher potential.
Note : In an extended region of space where electric field is zero, electrical potential
is constant
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