The neutralisation is the interaction of H+ ions furnished by an acid and OH- ions furnished by a base or a reaction between acid and base to form salt and water is termed neutralisation.
Salts are regarded as compounds made up of positive and negative ions. The salts are generally crystalline solids. These are classified into the following classes :
(1) Simple salts : The salts formed by neutralisation process, are of three types :
(i) Normal salts are salts formed by the replacement of all replaceable hydrogen atoms at H+ ions. For e.g. NaCl , KNO3 ,CuSO4 , FeSo4 etc.
(ii) Acid salt formed by the incomplete neutralisation of polyprotic basic acids which still contain some acidic hydrogen are called acidic salts e.g. NaHCO3, NaHSO4, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4 etc.
(iii) Basic salt formed by incomplete neutralisation of poly acidic bases and still contains one or more then one hydroxyl groups e.g. Zn(OH)Cl, Mg(OH)Cl etc.
(2) Double salts : The addition compounds formed by combination of two or more simple salts and are stable in solid state only. e.g.,
FeSO4 (NH4)2 SO4, 6H2O , K2 SO4 . Al2 (SO4)3 . 24H2 O
(3) Complex salts : The salts formed by combination of simple salts or molecular compound and are stable in solid state and on dissolving in water, they furnish at least one complex ion. e.g., K4 [Fe(CN)6] , [Cu(NH3)4] SO4.
(4) Mixed salts : The salts which furnish more than one cation or more than one anion when dissolved in water. e.g., ,
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